Propaganda And Propaganda In 1984 - 1396 Words

George Orwell’s, 1984, features a futuristic dystopia known as Oceania. The story is cast through the main character, Winston Smith. Winston is employed as a records editor at the ministry of truth, living a depressed life with no clear hopes or dreams. The government of Oceania is a totalitarianism whose goal is to conquer the entirety of the earth and remove all independent thought. These goals were being achieved through mass manipulation using various tactics. The party created a new, reduced langauge, altered history, fought decade long wars, and used specific wording to manipulation the population. Orwell wrote this story as he saw these harmful acts being performed by his own English government. As a warning to those unaware, 1984†¦show more content†¦The party announced one day that the chocolate rations would be decreased from thirty grams to twenty grams. The next day it was announced that the ration was raised to twenty grams. This means the the ration sta yed the same yet the citizens of Oceania rejoiced from this news that they believed to be excellent. The party is able to use language to convince the population that something has increased when it really stayed the same. The ministry of love and truth use deliberate manipulation of language to hide the reality of daily life. The ministry of love is largely responsible for misery, fear, suffering and torture. It acts as a prison for anyone who was committed thoughtcrime. The building for the ministry of love has no windows and is surrounded by barbed wire to prevent people from escaping until the party has said it is ok for them to leave. By saying that the barbed wire is there to prevent people from escaping until it is ok to do so, makes it seem as though the party is working for the benefit of society. The party tries to make it seem as though the people held in the ministry of love are bad until they believe exactly what the party wants them to believe. The ministry of truth is responsible for creating propaganda and falsifying historical records. One of Winston’s assignments is to invent a biography of a fictional soldier named Ogilvy. Winston notes that once the forgery is forgotten,Show MoreRelated1984 Propaganda1571 Words   |  7 Pages1984: Propaganda and Persuasion A) The 5 examples of different techniques of propaganda and persuasion from 1984 are: * Glittering Generality- emotionally appealing words that are applied to a product or idea, but present no concrete argument or analysis. * Ad Hominem- Attacking ones opponent, as opposed to attacking their arguments * Milieu Control- An attempt to control the social environment and ideas through the use of social pressure. * Bandwagon- Appeals attempt to persuadeRead MoreEssay about Propaganda in 1984682 Words   |  3 Pagesinformation controls the minds of the citizens. The Party uses propaganda as a powerful weapon against the citizens. There are many types of propaganda used. Propaganda is brainwash. The citizens of Oceania are brainwashed to think that the Party is really there to help them, to make them happy. â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH.† and â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† are examples of doublethink. These uses of propaganda prevent rebellion of the citizens of Oceania because they believeRead MorePropaganda In 1984 By George Orwell1976 Words   |  8 Pagestotalitarianism itself. The masses have to be won by propaganda.† (Hannah Arendt). Hannah Arendt was a German-born Jewish political theorist, who grew up in a time where propaganda was running rampant in Germany under the power of the Hitler Regime. Hitler would use propaganda to bring out anti-Semitic feelings in his citizens. This quote talks about how propaganda is used by groups to convince people to believe in what the group wants them to believe in. Propaganda can come in many forms, from pamphlets andRead MorePropaganda in George Orwells 1984 Essay example653 Words   |  3 PagesTake a second to think about the word propaganda. What comes to mind? Do events such as World War II or The Cold War? According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, propaganda is a noun which means â€Å"the systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause or of information reflecting the views and interests of those advocating such a doctrine or cause.† In other words, propaganda, in this particular definition, is viewed as the deliberate transmission of an idea or document thatRead MoreOrwell s 1984 And 2015 : Surveillance, Propaganda, And Government Agencies872 Words   |  4 Pages The society in the book 1984 is similar to 2015 because of surveillance, propaganda, and government agencies. One similarity between Orwell’s 1984 and 2015 is surveillance. For example, in 1984 telescreens monitor citizens constantly. According to Orwell, â€Å"The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commandedRead More1984 Essay Historical Perspective674 Words   |  3 Pages1984 Essay Historical Perspective Many historical events have occurred in the past years that are occurring today. Similar events happened in the years of 1948, 1984, 2014. Dystopia has been shown in many types of governments throughout the years of 1948 to 2014. Hitler for example showed a dystopian type of government where hatred towards jews and propaganda played a big role in his government. The book named 1984 written by George Orwell, has a historical perspective. Orwell published the bookRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernments in World Geography class and I was particularly interested with this topic. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four perfectly fits my interest since it’s about governments and propagandas. As a result, I chose my research question to be: â€Å"How and why does the Party use propaganda? How does this compare to some of the modern propagandas used across the world during not only World War II but during current times as well?†. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian fiction novel written by George OrwellRead MoreGeorge Orwell s 1984 And The Holocaust1157 Words   |  5 PagesOrwell’s novel 1984 can be directly related to many world events, especially the Holocaust. The control the government possessed, the large amount of propaganda, and the general treatment of the people are all similarities between the Novel and the Holocaust. To begin, the control the government has is very similar between the society in the novel and the society during the holocaust. In both the novel and the holocaust the government had complete control over everything. This shows through 1984 with theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell1602 Words   |  7 PagesWhile no other time period comes close, the novel we have been reading in class deals vigorously with dystopian society. 1984, by George Orwell, is a dystopian, fiction-based book that features a main character named Winston Smith, a girl named Julia, and many others who come together to make for a very intense storyline and an intriguing read. It takes place in Oceania, in 1984, while it was written in 1948. With a sense of science fiction, it’s set in near-future Oceania. The city is still namedRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party has many strategies and tactics that help th em have complete control of the people of Oceania. The control the Party has maintained gives them the ability to manipulate people as a result. The Party takes away the people’s freedom to have a say in their government and become their own person. They use their power to an extreme against the people rather than to help the people. The Party takes advantage of every opportunity to instill fear in the citizens

The Sentencing Practices And Probation System - 2329 Words

The Sentencing Practices and Probation From my standpoint, sentencing laws and the probation system are issues society struggle with today. The government usually lacks on amount of time and funds towards incarcerate criminals. The unintended of parole is multifaceted than ever. Situations like this concentrate on offenders focusing on lack of dissuasion. Viewing on a positive note this is more of a motivational approach where it’s enabling rehabilitation completely to parolees. Society faces more financial liability with criminals that are incarcerated, and parolees that are multiply based on the sentencing laws countrywide. The changes that are made towards the sentencing laws have damaged rather than rebuild the probation system. For instance, producing an exploited of managing the system properly consequential which is lacking in quality control especially keeping track of the criminals. Encouraging alterations made on sentencing laws are defective and correspondingly clarifying opponents. Targeting the audience which is law enforcement, the workers for the probation system, county and including the city administrative personnel. From my perspective I believe that certain professionals should be based on their job responsibilities, law involvement with political affiliations, and the individuals that they are surrounded by. In uniform most individuals are more respected stereotypically and the ideal individual can bring about a policy reorganize towards the rightShow MoreRelatedThe philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation officers were considered social worker, able to focus on the individual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitatorRead MoreProbation And Parole Is An Important Part Of Our Society1064 Words   |  5 Pagesindicated in 2012, approximately 1 in every 35 adults in the United States was on probation or parole or incarcerate d in prison or jail. Probation and parole are an important part of our society and most people know at least one person who is either on probation or parole. There are drastic differences between probation and parole. Probation refers to offenders who are on supervision through a probation agency. Probation is ruled by the courts and is generally given as a sentence instead of incarcerationRead MoreCompeting Theories of Corrections1624 Words   |  7 PagesIf it is a violent crime there is a need to safeguard society from future criminal acts of a person who is convicted of the most heinous offenses. I will describe what the competing theories of corrections are and if they are prevalent in today’s system or not. A review of how the goals of punishment and rehabilitative strategies differ will also be shown. I will also show whether or not there is specific data to support one particular approach over another. I will also give my opinion on whetherRead MoreCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Sameer Noori 24 November 2014 Corrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional whoRead MoreProbation Parole And Probation Case Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages History of Parole and Probation Jindarat Innuan Student #0913685 CCJ 1020 Hillsborough Community College Prof. Leonardo Cadogan November 26th, 2014 The purpose of this research paper is to discuss about Parole and Probation in America. The paper is going to focus on the past, present and future of parole and probation. This paper includes discussion of Parole and Probation Officers, as well as why some states so longer utilize parole, including Florida. This paper will also include personalRead MoreSocial Context Of Probation Officer1082 Words   |  5 PagesContext of Probation Officer Rebecca McRunnel Probation Parole: CRJ 467 Professor Martin McAuliffe July 12, 2015 Many people see probation as a suspension of a sentence by the court. While being a citizen of the community, the offender is under direct supervision by a court officer, referred to as a probation officer. This officer supervises the offender’s progress imposing direct or un-direct supervision (Diana, 1960). Judge McKenzie Cleland, described what probation actually isRead MoreProbation And Parole And Juvenile Offenders Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pages Probation and parole were unknown concepts until the early 19th century. Just over one-hundred years old, the emphasis has moved from the offender to concern for the welfare of the community, altogether public safety. Probation and parole accommodates the offender by allowing them to reenter or remain in society, while they serve their sentences. Today, the probation and parole agencies in the United States handle millions and only sixty percent of probationers complete their obligations successfullyRead MoreJails, Prisons and Community Based Corrections1210 Words   |  5 Pagesattempt to explain and discuss probation and how it compares to other forms of sentencing, the types of prison, the origins of rehabilitation in prisons, parole and how it differs from mandatory release and finally options of community corrections. Ending the essay will be a critique on the current rehabilitation options. The history of probation in the United States started in Boston in 1841. Starting with probation and how it differs to other forms of sentencing, probation is a prison sentence thatRead MoreParole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender1230 Words   |  5 Pagesof a convicted offender after he or she has completed a portion of his or her prison sentence (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). Probation is a form of sentence for violating the law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adults and children forRead MorePaper 1688 Words   |  3 Pages Unit 2 In this paper I’m going to describe how society’s response to crime impacts public policy, sentencing, practices, and correctional operations. Also an overview of the evolution of society’s views on crime and punishment. Along with need for crime and punishment. Fallowed up by the shift in sentencing laws and impact (prisons, Get Tough On Crime, present day). Fallowed up an emphasis on punishment or rehabilitation currently. To start off First

Welfare of the State in Four Sections

Questions: 1: Evaluate the nature of State welfare provision.2: Evaluate theories of Welfare: Marxist and feminism, strength and weakness, pros and cons.3: Assess the impact of class on health.4: Analyse a range of theories and explanations of health inequalities. Answers: The paper discusses the welfare of the state in four sections. The first section evaluates the nature of the state welfare provisions that explains the welfare and welfare state and understands the provisions required for having a welfare state. It explains the strength and weakness of the provisions of welfare state. The strength of the state welfare provisions are its being humanitarian, religious, democratic, practical and of mutual self-interest and the weakness of the state welfare provision is that it allows people to use the property as they desire with full right. There are several views for welfare state, the most common view is it is an ideal state where development of industries, society serves the work force of the state and helps the state to grow. Evaluates the two theories of Welfare, Marxist and feminism in terms of their strength and weakness. The strength of the Marxist theory is its explanation of the way capitalism has deformed the nature of welfare state. The strength of Feminist theory is their concern to the position of women and about gender inequalities in the society. The weakness of the Marxist theory is to consider the welfare of the society in terms of exercise of power and profit earned by the business class. The weakness of the Feminist theory is too much concern about the gender inequality and on female disadvantages in the society The impact of class on health has been assessed. Health inequalities are defined as a difference in the distribution of health determinants between different groups of population or as the differences in the health status of the people in the society A range of theories and explanations of health inequalities is analyzed. Here a range of theories and explanation of health inequalities are discussed. The theories have developed to explain the poor health of the working class due to the poor diet, sub-standard living, low incomes, Unhealthy behaviour, bad occupational conditions and psycho social stress. 1: Evaluate the nature of State welfare provision The term welfare is always associated with needs but it generally goes beyond need and refers to achieve well being, to have choices and to have the scope to choose ambitions and goals. The term welfare state means different in different countries. In some countries it means an ideal model, where all responsibilities are taken by the state for the universal welfare of its citizens. On the other hand, in some countries, it is used for the welfare provided by the country and in other states, it is used for the social protection that is provided not only by the state but also by the people who does public service and the volunteers (Walby 2012). The government has used the concept welfare state to explain the key role played by the state in the promotion and protection of the economic and social well-being of its citizen. The principles of equitable distribution of wealth, equality of opportunity, public responsibility are used for those who are not able to avail themselves the minimal provisions for a good life. A modern welfare state is defined by the sociologist as a combination of welfare, capitalism and democracy. The most developed welfare state is classified into three categories, Liberal, Conservative and social democratic (Walby et al.2012). In a welfare state a transfer of funds is required from the state to the services provided, like education, healthcare etc. directly to the individuals. Redistributionist taxation system is used for funding which includes larger income tax for higher income earner, known as progressive tax system, helps to reduce the income gap between rich and poor (Vogel 2013). The strength of the state welfare provisions are its being humanitarian, religious, democratic, practical and of mutual self-interest. The concern about poverty has led to the development of several areas. Some religions have made charity as one of their religious duty or as social responsibility. Several welfare states have developed from the mutual activities of groups and not by state activities. Democratic rights have helped to give social protection. Further, social and economic benefits are derived from welfare provisions. A country that has good welfare provisions tends to have less poverty and richer compared to countries that have less provisions of welfare (Stephens et al. 2012). The weakness of the state welfare provision is that it allows people to use the property as they desire with full right. It makes the people interdependent on each other and the social arrangement decides the production of the property. Further, it is true that property rights are important but other moral values should also be given equal importance. Further, welfare state weakens economic performances of a country. The provision of welfare state traps the people in poverty and encourages dependency. It excludes the people who are not part of the family relationships and welfare of a state is based on mutual responsibility and social network. Those who are not part of the social network are excluded from the state welfare provision. The need of finance for the welfare does not only depend on taxation but also on contribution by the volunteers. It is difficult get good contribution for the welfare state by the volunteers (Rose and Harrison 2014). There are several views regarding the state welfare provisions. Some says, welfare state is an ideal state where development of industries, society serves the work force of the state and helps the state to grow. It helps to balance the economy during recession. On the other hand, some are of the view that welfare state is a burden on the performance of an economy. Public expenditure done for welfare state hampers economic growth. It is difficult to understand the relationship between public spending and economy. There is not much of the evidence which shows that when a country spends more on welfare then it develops faster than the country which spends less on welfare (Palncia et al. 2013). 2: Evaluate theories of Welfare: Marxist and feminism, strength and weakness, pros and cons Marxist school has developed the theory of welfare state based on the relationship of the exercise of power. The welfare of the state is developed through the strength of the resistance of working class to exploitation. Marxist has seen the society in terms of the conflict among the economic classes. The dominant class were the owners of the means of production and the working class were exploited by them. According to Marxism, the welfare of the society depends on how the power is exercised (Murcia et al. 2013). Feminism theory of state welfare is different from Marxist theory of state welfare. It makes a commitment to change the society and relates the concept of welfare to the position of women in the society The theory have tried to explore the complicated relationship between statutory welfare services, capitalism and womens equal position in the family and at work. The theory has explained the different ways in which the female welfare are exposed to the disabling effects of welfare. It has developed theories of social conflicts that explain how the women are at disadvantaged in the society as well as in the welfare state (Muntaner et al. 2013). The strength of the Marxist theory is its explanation of the way capitalism has deformed the nature of welfare state. The Marxist theory have argued that economic system of a country requires to undergo some fundamental changes if the welfare state has to live according to its assurance to meet the need of the human. Further Marxist have gone beyond the quantitative limits of the welfare state and does not believed in the older tradition that says human freedom is dependent on the social relationships (Modleski 2015). The strength of Feminist theory is their concern to the position of women and about gender inequalities in the society. They have looked at the gender dimension to the existing theory of welfare state. In this regard, feminist theory have developed theories of social conflicts where they have explored the issue of conflicting interest among the men and women in a society. The theory has also exposed the inequalities of power within the home and the concept of women domination. They have tried to reinforce the idea that political is not different from personal. A women liberation in a society depends on her liberation at home. The feminist theory has come out of the traditional thought of practices at home as private matter and has played an important role in changing the structure of personal relationship and goals of females in the society that has given new ways to men and women to live their life (Meyers 2014) The weakness of the Marxist theory is to consider the welfare of the society in terms of exercise of power and profit earned by the business class. The welfare of the society is beyond the financial gains. It depends on the inner development of the human being which is not considered by the Marxism. They have given priority to class division in the society and have not spoken about the welfare of the females and children separately (Lahelma et al. 2015). The weakness of the Feminist theory is too much concern about the gender inequality and on female disadvantages in the society. In the process, the feminist theory has neglected the importance of male in a society and the development of the children irrespective of the gender. It is true that the welfare o a state depends on women development in a society but along with that other development factors are to be considered, which is ignored in the feminist theory (Jones and Higgs 2013). 3: Assess the impact of class on health Health inequalities are defined as a difference in the distribution of health determinants between different groups of population or as the differences in the health status of the people in the society. People from different social classes have different mobility and mortality rates between the elderly and the younger population which lead to health inequality. The inequality in health and inequity need to be distinguished in the discussion of health inequality. When the health inequality is due to the biological variation of the individual, it is beyond the control of the individuals. In this case, it is impossible to change the determinants of health and avoid the inequalities of health. On the contrary, when the health inequality is due to the external environment of the society of gender or class inequality then it can be avoidable. The unfair and unjust means of treatment to the people of different social class leads to inequality of health (Hobbs 2016). The social class treatment in a society has a great impact on the health of the people. If the different class of the people receives different treatment in the behavioural pattern of the society then it also lead to unequal treatment to the health of the people belonging to different social class. Classification of social class is generally according to the profession of the people with respect to the treatment received for their health. They are professional occupations, skilled, partly skilled and unskilled occupations and managerial and technical occupations. The social class of an individual influences the health damaging behaviour of a person like, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, drugs, use of immunisation, choices of diet, leisure time activity. The difference in the social class explains one-third of the differences in the health behaviour (Hennessy 2012). The people in the society who are exposed to poverty suffer more health hazard compare to others. These people are more exposed to air-pollution and damp housing due to their way of living and hence having greater impact on health issues. The children living in the damp housing has higher rates of respiratory disease. Such materialistic differences also lead to health inequalities among the people of different social class (Hekman 2013). Differences in the social circumstances may bring about differences in emotional responses which in turn lead to biological changes and further to health inequalities. Further differences in the maintaining the balance between work and home or the balance between rewards and efforts affect the health of the people and results in different complications of health. People who face poor home condition in the childhood are liable to get poor health in the future than people who face healthy childhood. The social class of the people has a great impact on the inequalities of health (Grant 2013). The social class differences arise due to occupation a difference that has an impact on health inequalities. The occupation which are handled by men are subject to more health hazard such as, dangerous machinery, exposure to toxic chemicals , motor bike racing, rock climbing and others. Each occupation has different impact on health and thus leading to health inequalities (Donovan 2012). 4: Analyse a range of theories and explanations of health inequalities There are a range of theories and explanation of health inequalities.. The theories have developed to explain the poor health of the working class due to the poor diet, sub-standard living, low incomes, Unhealthy behaviour, bad occupational conditions and psycho social stress. Three main dimensions of social stratification and health inequality are social class, social status and political power. The health inequality report has been explained through a report of a working group, called as The Black Report. The report explains the health inequalities through artefact, culture, behaviour, structural conditions and social selection. Health of an individual is largely influenced by the social position of the individual. The personal characteristics of an individual determine the behaviour of the people and their social position which in turns affects their health and creates inequalities of health (Burton 2012). The black report was published by the Department of Health in Britain to express concern of the failure of the Britain government in bringing improvement in the health of the people. The objective of the report was to gather the information about the health status differences in the social class and to understand the factors responsible for it. The report wanted to identify the casual relationship between the social class and health inequalities and to make suggestion to do research on the concerned areas. The report wanted to find evidences in the international and national levels of such casual relationship and provide solution to reduce the inequalities of health. The lower occupational groups have poorer health quality at all stages of life (Dale and Foster 2012). The report explains the measures of inequalities and defines the problem of inequalities. It looks at the social structure of health, utilization problems of health service, inequality trends of health and the evidence from the international levels. In this regard, the report explains the social inequalities of health. It also reviews the implication of such social inequalities and finds areas of research for future information. Some policies are recommended as a solution to the problem of inequalities of health. The services associated with health are also discussed in the report with some key factors relating to the social policy (Biddle 2014). The report has shown evidences of social health inequalities in Britain which is country of substantial amount of resources Such a problem of social health inequalities n a developed economy is not acceptable, The report suggest that educationally and socially a broader understanding of health should be encouraged and there should be some means to achieve the broader level of understanding. It includes improvement in housing facilities, income generation good working and environment conditions. There is a need to balance between the economic and social policies in highly industrialised economy in order to achieve high standards of health. The report has identified poverty as one of the major cause of social health inequalities and has taken it as a disease which cannot be controlled by medicines (Artz 2012). Further the report says provisions for better medical service is very important and should be given to all without any reservation in its distribution to the social class people. A system of health service must be made that reaches to everybody without any discrimination between sick and healthy, poor and rich. Moreover, it is important to have evaluation system to understand the progress of the policies and to find out the reason for not achieving the objectives and to find out the obstacles so that solution can be achieved (Barr 2014). Hence the objective of any state should be to achieve equality of health among the social class and to remove all the obstacles that come in the way of attaining the equality and removing all kinds of inequalities in the health status of the people of different social class. References Artz, L., 2012. Globalization, media hegemony, and social class. Globalization of Corporate Media Hegemony, The: Evaluating California's Imprisonment Crisis, p.1. Barr, D.A., 2014. Health disparities in the United States: Social class, race, ethnicity, and health. JHU Press. Biddle, B., 2014. Social class, poverty and education. Routledge. Burton, C., 2012. Subordination (RLE Feminist Theory): Feminism and Social Theory. Routledge. Dale, J. and Foster, P. eds., 2012. Feminists and State Welfare (RLE Feminist Theory). Routledge. Donovan, J., 2012. Feminist theory: The intellectual traditions. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Grant, J., 2013. Fundamental feminism: Contesting the core concepts of feminist theory. Routledge. Hekman, S., 2013. The future of differences: Truth and method in feminist theory. John Wiley Sons. Hennessy, R., 2012. Materialist Feminism and the Politics of Discourse (RLE Feminist Theory) (Vol. 21). Routledge. Hobbs, G., 2016. Explaining social class inequalities in educational achievement in the UK: quantifying the contribution of social class differences in school effectiveness. Oxford Review of Education, 42(1), pp.16-35. Jones, I.R. and Higgs, P., 2013. Class and health inequalities in later life. Social class in later life: Power, identity and lifestyle, pp.113-122. Lahelma, E., Pietilinen, O., Rahkonen, O., Kivimki, M., Martikainen, P., Ferrie, J., Marmot, M., Shipley, M., Sekine, M., Tatsuse, T. and Lallukka, T., 2015. Social class inequalities in health among occupational cohorts from Finland, Britain and Japan: A follow up study. Health place, 31, pp.173-179. Meyers, D.T., 2014. Feminist social thought: a reader. Routledge. Modleski, T., 2015. The women who knew too much: Hitchcock and feminist theory. Routledge. Muntaner, C., Ng, E., Vanroelen, C., Christ, S. and Eaton, W.W., 2013. Social stratification, social closure, and social class as determinants of mental health disparities. In Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 205-227). Springer Netherlands. Murcia, M., Chastang, J.F., Cohidon, C., Niedhammer, I. and Samotrace study group, 2013. Contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in self-reported health among French employees. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 86(5), pp.541-552. Palncia, L., Espelt, A., Rodrguez-Sanz, M., Rocha, K.B., Pasarn, M.I. and Borrell, C., 2013. Trends in social class inequalities in the use of health care services within the Spanish National Health System, 19932006. The European Journal of Health Economics, 14(2), pp.211-219. Rose, D. and Harrison, E. eds., 2014. Social class in Europe: An introduction to the European socio-economic classification. Routledge. Stephens, N.M., Markus, H.R. and Fryberg, S.A., 2012. Social class disparities in health and education: Reducing inequality by applying a sociocultural self model of behavior. Psychological review, 119(4), p.723. Vogel, L., 2013. Marxism and the oppression of women: Toward a unitary theory. Brill. Walby, S., Armstrong, J. and Strid, S., 2012. Intersectionality: Multiple inequalities in social theory. Sociology, p.0038038511416164.